Probability — Interactive

Class X · Mathematics Ch.14 · 6 Interactive Modules

Theoretical P(Head) = 1/2 = 0.5. Toss many times and watch the experimental probability settle close to 0.5 — this is the Law of Large Numbers.
Each face of a fair die has probability 1/6 ≈ 0.167. The bars show how often each number appears — they level off as you roll more.
The 6×6 grid shows all 36 equally-likely ordered pairs. Highlighted cells give the chosen sum. Notice 7 has the most ways (6) — sums are not equally likely!
A deck has 52 cards = 4 suits × 13. The highlighted cards are favourable to your chosen event; P = favourable ÷ 52.
Every probability sits on the 0-to-1 line: 0 = impossible, 1 = certain, 0.5 = even chance. Drag the sliders to place P(E) = favourable ÷ total.

🌦️ Weather Forecasts

"70% chance of rain" is a probability estimated from past data and models.

🎰 Games of Chance

Lotteries, dice and card games are all designed around probability.

🏭 Quality Control

Factories sample products to estimate the probability of a defective item.

🛡️ Insurance

Premiums are set using the probability of accidents, illness or loss.

🧬 Genetics

The chance of inheriting a trait is predicted using probability.

📱 Predictions

Apps use probability to suggest, recommend and auto-complete text.

From weather to genetics, probability helps us reason about an uncertain world.